Women tend to live longer than men, but the reasons behind this longevity gap are often complex and surprising. From biological factors to societal influences, science has uncovered a fascinating array of explanations for this phenomenon. While genetics and hormones play a significant role, social and emotional factors also contribute to this gap.
1. They Have Stronger Immune Systems
Women’s immune systems are generally more robust than men’s, allowing them to fight off infections and diseases more effectively. This difference in immune function can be attributed to the influence of sex hormones, which play a crucial role in regulating the immune system. Estrogen, the primary female sex hormone, enhances the body’s ability to mount an effective immune response, while testosterone, the dominant male sex hormone, has a suppressive effect on the immune system. This biological advantage gives women a stronger defense against viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens, helping them avoid many infectious diseases that disproportionately affect men.
Additionally, women are more likely to have a quicker and more robust response to vaccines, which further strengthens their immunity. According to the National Institutes of Health, research shows that women produce more antibodies in response to vaccines, making immunizations more effective for them. While this means women may experience stronger side effects from vaccines, it ultimately gives them greater protection against illness. A stronger immune system not only helps women avoid acute illnesses but also provides long-term protection against chronic conditions that can shorten lifespan.
2. They Have a Lower Risk of Heart Disease
Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, but women generally have a lower risk of developing it compared to men. This is largely due to the protective effects of estrogen, which helps maintain healthy blood vessels and reduces the buildup of plaque in the arteries. During their reproductive years, women’s bodies naturally produce higher levels of estrogen, which helps regulate cholesterol levels and improve blood flow. This protective factor lowers the likelihood of heart attacks and strokes, particularly before menopause.
However, after menopause, estrogen levels decline, and the risk of heart disease in women increases. Even so, women are still less likely than men to suffer from heart disease until later in life. Additionally, women tend to adopt healthier lifestyle habits, such as eating a balanced diet and not smoking, which further protect their cardiovascular health. According to the Cleveland Clinic, maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial for reducing heart disease risk. This biological and behavioral advantage contributes significantly to women’s longer lifespans.
3. They Have Better Mental Health
Women are more likely to seek help for mental health issues and to engage in coping strategies that protect their psychological well-being. Studies have shown that women tend to have higher levels of emotional resilience, which helps them navigate life’s challenges more effectively. This resilience stems from both biological factors, such as the effect of estrogen on mood regulation, and social factors, such as stronger support networks. Because they are more open about discussing their emotions and seeking therapy, women are more likely to receive mental health treatment when they need it.
Men, on the other hand, are more likely to suppress emotions and avoid seeking support due to societal pressures to appear “tough.” This leads to higher rates of untreated depression and substance abuse among men. Women’s willingness to address mental health challenges head-on gives them a psychological edge, helping them manage stress more effectively and avoid the long-term health consequences of chronic emotional distress. According to the Mental Health Foundation, factors such as stronger social networks and openness to treatment further contribute to women’s better mental health outcomes.
4. They Have Stronger Support Networks
Women tend to form deeper, more emotionally supportive relationships with friends and family members. These support networks play a crucial role in mental and physical health, reducing stress levels and improving overall well-being. Studies have shown that people with strong social connections have lower rates of heart disease, stroke, and mental health issues. The act of nurturing and maintaining relationships has been linked to the release of oxytocin, the “bonding hormone,” which lowers stress and improves overall mood.
Men, on the other hand, are less likely to cultivate emotionally supportive relationships and are more likely to suffer from social isolation. This lack of connection increases their risk of depression, anxiety, and even early death. Women’s ability to create and maintain meaningful relationships gives them a significant advantage when it comes to both mental and physical health. Having someone to turn to during stressful times provides a buffer against the negative health effects of chronic stress. According to Richardson Wealth, having a trusted support network is vital for mental health, offering benefits like reduced depression, anxiety, and stress while improving overall well-being.
5. They Have Greater Emotional Intelligence
Women generally score higher in emotional intelligence (EQ) than men, which allows them to navigate social relationships and personal challenges more effectively. Emotional intelligence includes the ability to identify, understand, and regulate emotions—a crucial skill for managing stress and building strong relationships. High emotional intelligence helps women handle conflicts better, recover from setbacks faster, and seek support when needed. This ability to manage emotions healthily reduces the physical toll of stress on the body.
In addition to benefiting mental health, high emotional intelligence also protects physical health. Studies have shown that people with higher EQ have lower levels of cortisol (the stress hormone), reduced inflammation, and a lower risk of stress-related illnesses like heart disease and autoimmune disorders. Women’s emotional intelligence gives them an edge in both mental and physical resilience, contributing to their longer lifespans.
6. They Have Deeper Empathy
Women’s higher levels of empathy make them more attuned to the emotional needs of others, which strengthens social bonds and provides emotional resilience. Empathy allows women to connect deeply with others and build supportive relationships, which in turn lowers stress and improves mental health. Studies have shown that people with higher levels of empathy have lower levels of cortisol (the stress hormone) and better overall health outcomes.
Empathy also encourages healthier communication and conflict resolution, reducing emotional stress and strengthening interpersonal relationships. By creating positive emotional environments, women are better equipped to handle life’s challenges without becoming overwhelmed. This ability to give and receive emotional support helps protect women from stress-related health issues and enhances overall longevity.
7. They Have a Lower Incidence of Cancer
Women are less likely to develop certain types of cancer compared to men. Hormonal differences, particularly the protective effects of estrogen, play a significant role in this disparity. Estrogen has been shown to have a protective effect against some cancers, including colon and liver cancer. Additionally, women are less likely to engage in high-risk behaviors such as smoking and heavy alcohol consumption, which reduces cancer risk.
Lifestyle choices such as maintaining a healthy diet, staying active, and participating in regular health screenings also contribute to lower cancer rates among women. Early detection through regular mammograms and gynecological exams gives women an additional advantage in catching cancer early when it’s most treatable. This proactive approach to health care plays a major role in extending women’s lifespans.
8. They Have a Genetic Advantage
Women have two X chromosomes, while men have one X and one Y chromosome. The extra X chromosome gives women a genetic buffer against certain inherited diseases. If one X chromosome carries a defective gene, the other X chromosome can often compensate, reducing the risk of genetic disorders.
Additionally, women’s longer telomeres—protective caps at the ends of chromosomes—are linked to slower cellular aging. Telomere length is associated with overall health and lifespan, and women’s natural advantage in this area helps protect against age-related diseases. This genetic advantage gives women a stronger foundation for long-term health and longevity.
9. They Have Higher Pain Tolerance
Women generally have a higher pain threshold than men, partly due to the influence of estrogen on pain receptors. This ability to tolerate pain helps women recover more quickly from injuries and medical procedures. Additionally, women are more likely to use effective coping mechanisms such as mindfulness and relaxation techniques to manage pain.
Higher pain tolerance also means that women are more likely to seek early treatment for health issues, rather than ignoring symptoms until they become serious. This proactive approach to managing pain and discomfort leads to better long-term health outcomes.
10. They Have Reduced Risk of Traumatic Brain Injuries
Men are more likely to sustain traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), such as concussions, due to differences in risk-taking behaviors and participation in contact sports. TBIs can have serious long-term consequences, including cognitive impairment and premature death.
Women’s lower exposure to high-risk activities protects them from these injuries and their long-term health consequences. This protective factor helps women maintain better cognitive function and mental clarity as they age.
11. They Have a Lower Incidence of Parkinson’s Disease
Men are more likely to develop Parkinson’s disease, a neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement and cognitive function. Researchers believe that this disparity may be linked to the neuroprotective effects of estrogen. Estrogen appears to shield the brain from oxidative stress and inflammation, both of which contribute to the development of Parkinson’s disease. This protective effect helps preserve dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, which are critical for motor function and mental clarity.
Women also tend to engage in more protective lifestyle behaviors, such as regular exercise and a balanced diet, which have been shown to lower the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. The combination of hormonal protection and healthier habits gives women a significant advantage when it comes to brain health. As a result, women tend to maintain better mobility and cognitive function well into old age, contributing to their longer life expectancy.
12. They Have Stronger Bones
Women generally have stronger bones and a lower risk of developing osteoporosis compared to men, especially during their reproductive years. Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining bone density and strength, helping to reduce the risk of fractures and bone-related issues. Women’s bones tend to have a higher mineral density, which makes them more resistant to breakage and injury. This protective effect is particularly evident before menopause when estrogen levels are high.
After menopause, estrogen levels drop, which increases the risk of bone loss and osteoporosis. However, women are more likely to engage in weight-bearing exercise, such as walking, yoga, and strength training, which helps maintain bone strength as they age. Additionally, women are more likely to take calcium and vitamin D supplements, further supporting bone health. This focus on bone health helps prevent fractures and mobility issues, which are leading causes of disability and premature death among older adults.
13. They Have Higher Levels of HDL (“Good”) Cholesterol
Women naturally have higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, often referred to as “good” cholesterol. HDL helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and carries it to the liver, where it is processed and eliminated from the body. Higher HDL levels reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular conditions.
Men, on the other hand, tend to have lower levels of HDL and higher levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which contributes to the buildup of plaque in the arteries. This imbalance increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Women’s natural advantage in cholesterol levels provides a layer of protection against cardiovascular disease, contributing to their longer lifespans.
14. Healthier Lifestyle Choices
Women tend to adopt healthier lifestyle habits compared to men, contributing to their longer lifespans. They are more likely to maintain balanced diets, consume fewer processed foods, and avoid excessive alcohol consumption. Additionally, women are more proactive in seeking medical care and following doctors’ recommendations. Men, on the other hand, are less likely to visit doctors regularly, often ignoring symptoms until health issues become severe.
Exercise habits also differ, with women more likely to engage in activities such as yoga, walking, and other low-impact exercises that support long-term health. These healthier lifestyle choices reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and heart disease. By making better decisions about diet, exercise, and healthcare, women give themselves a significant advantage in longevity.
15. They Are More Likely to Practice Preventative Healthcare
Women are more proactive about their health and are more likely to seek regular medical care compared to men. Studies have shown that women are more likely to schedule annual checkups, receive vaccinations, and participate in cancer screenings such as mammograms and pap smears. This willingness to engage with the healthcare system allows women to detect health problems early when they are most treatable.
Men, on the other hand, are less likely to seek medical attention until they experience severe symptoms. This delay in seeking care increases the risk of developing serious health issues that could have been prevented or managed more effectively with early intervention. Women’s greater attention to preventative care gives them a significant advantage in maintaining long-term health and avoiding premature death.
Natasha is a seasoned lifestyle journalist and editor based in New York City. Originally from Sydney, during a stellar two-decade career, she has reported on the latest lifestyle news and trends for major media brands including Elle and Grazia.
